英汉词典

family 基本解释

• n. 家庭；亲属；家族；子女；[生]科；语族；[化]族
• adj. 家庭的；家族的；适合于全家的

family 词态变化

family 中文词源

来自拉丁语famulus, 仆人，家仆。原义为带仆人的大家庭或家族。进一步来自PIE*dhe, 做，建立，词源同do, fact.后词义通用化，也用于指三口之家的小家等。

family 英文词源

family

family: [15] Latin famulus, a word of unknown origin, meant ‘servant’. From it was derived familia, a collective term for all the domestic servants of a household. Only rarely was it used for the entire household, including the servants’ employers too, and when it first entered English it was with the original Latin sense (which indeed survived until the late 18th century). Gradually, however, the English word broadened out to ‘whole household’, and then in the mid- 17th century narrowed down again to the current main sense ‘group of related people’.
=> familiar

family (n.)

early 15c., "servants of a household," from Latin familia "family servants, domestics collectively, the servants in a household," thus also "members of a household, the estate, property; the household, including relatives and servants," from famulus "servant, slave," which is of unknown origin.

The Latin word rarely appears in the sense "parents with their children," for which domus (see domestic (adj.)) was used. Derivatives of famulus include famula "serving woman, maid," famulanter "in the manner of a servant," famulitas "servitude," familiaris "of one's household, private," familiaricus "of household slaves," familiaritas "close friendship."

In English, sense of "collective body of persons who form one household under one head and one domestic government, including parents, children, and servants, and as sometimes used even lodgers or boarders" [Century Dictionary] is from 1540s. From 1660s as "parents with their children, whether they dwell together or not," also in a more general sense, "persons closely related by blood, including aunts, uncles, cousins;" earlier "those who descend from a common progenitor, a house, a lineage" (1580s). Hence, "any group of things classed as kindred based on common distinguishing characteristics" (1620s); as a scientific classification, between genus and order, from 1753.

I have certainly known more men destroyed by the desire to have wife and child and to keep them in comfort than I have seen destroyed by drink and harlots. [William Butler Yeats, "Autobiography"]

Replaced Old English hiwscipe, hiwan "family," cognate with Old Norse hjon "one of the household; married couple, man and wife; domestic servant," and with Old High German hiwo "husband," hiwa "wife," also with Lithuanian šeimyna "family," Gothic haims "village," Old English ham "village, home" (see home (n.)).

As an adjective from c. 1600; with the meaning "suitable for a family," by 1807. Family values first recorded 1966. Phrase in a family way "pregnant" is from 1796. Family circle is 1809; family man "man devoted to wife and children, man inclined to lead a domestic life" is 1856 (earlier it meant "thief," 1788, from family in a slang sense of "the fraternity of thieves"). Family-tree "graph of ancestral relations" attested from 1752:

He was dressed in his best Coat, which had served him in the same Capacity before my Birth, and possibly, might be but little short in Antiquity, to the Root of his third Family Tree; and indeed, he made a venerable Figure in it. ["A Genuine Account of the Life and Transactions of Howell ap David Price, Gentleman of Wales," London, 1752]

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Happy family an assemblage of animals of diverse habits and propensities living amicably, or at least quietly, together in one cage. [Century Dictionary, 1902]

The phrase is attested from 1844.

family 词组搭配

family 英文释义

1. a social unit living together;

"he moved his family to Virginia"

"It was a good Christian household"

"I waited until the whole house was asleep"

"the teacher asked how many people made up his home"

2. primary social group; parents and children;

"he wanted to have a good job before starting a family"

3. people descended from a common ancestor;

"his family has lived in Massachusetts since the Mayflower"

4. a collection of things sharing a common attribute;

"there are two classes of detergents"

5. an association of people who share common beliefs or activities;

"the message was addressed not just to employees but to every member of the company family"

"the church welcomed new members into its fellowship"

6. (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera;

"sharks belong to the fish family"

7. a person having kinship with another or others;

"he's kin"

"he's family"

8. a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities

family 同义词解析

family, home, house

这些名词都有"家"之意。

family： 指构成一个家庭的全体成员，与家里的房子无关。

home： 侧重人们生长或长期居住或组织家庭的地方或房子，含感情色彩。

house： 指家里人居住的房屋，不带感情色彩。

family 双语例句

1. The family was often in flight, hiding out in friends' houses.

这一家人常常东躲西藏，在朋友家里避风头。

来自柯林斯例句

2. Each family farms individually and reaps the benefit of its labor.

各家经营各自的农场，收获各自的劳动成果。

来自柯林斯例句

3. Ah yes, but think of all the family life they're missing.

是这样，不过别忘了他们错过了多少天伦之乐。

来自柯林斯例句

4. Sonia, we are reliably informed, loves her family very much.

我们从可靠的消息来源获知索尼娅非常爱自己的家人。

来自柯林斯例句

5. We encountered the pathetic sight of a family packing up its home.

我们目睹了一家人正在收拾家当准备离开的凄惨景象。

来自柯林斯例句

family 实用场景例句

the Royal Family (= the children and close relations of the king or queen)

王室

牛津词典

I always think of you as one of the family .

我一直把你当成自家人。

牛津词典

Some families have farmed in this area for hundreds of years.

有些家族在这个地区务农有几百年了。

牛津词典

This painting has been in our family for generations.

这幅画是我们家的传家宝。

牛津词典

They have a large family.

他们的子女成群。

牛津词典

I addressed it to Mr and Mrs Jones and family.

我以此致琼斯伉俪及子女。

牛津词典

Do they plan to start a family (= have children) ?

他们打算生孩子吗？

牛津词典

to bring up/raise a family

抚育 / 抚养孩子

牛津词典

Lions belong to the cat family.

狮属于猫科。

牛津词典

We've only told the immediate family (= the closest relations) .

我们只告诉了直系亲属。

牛津词典

the other members of my family

我家的其他成员

牛津词典

Almost every family in the country owns a television.

这个国家几乎家家都有一台电视机。

牛津词典

All my family enjoy skiing.

我们全家都喜欢滑雪。

牛津词典

one-parent /single-parent families

单亲家庭

牛津词典

a family of four

四口之家

牛津词典

families with young children

有小孩的家庭

牛津词典

(informal)She's family (= she is a relation) .

她是我们家的人。

牛津词典

All our family came to Grandad's eightieth birthday party.

我们所有的亲属都来参加了祖父八十寿宴。

牛津词典

The support of family and friends is vital.

亲友的支持极为重要。

牛津词典

They decided to start a family.

他们决定要孩子。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...couples with large families.

儿女成群的夫妇

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Her family came to Los Angeles at the turn of the century.

她的祖先在世纪之交时来到洛杉矶。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...homes where their families had lived for generations.

祖祖辈辈生活过的家

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He returned to the family home...

他回到自己家里。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

I was working in the family business.

我在自家的企业工作。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

It had been designed as a family house...

这房子的设计适合一家老小共同居住。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

A wedding is a family event.

婚礼是全家人的庆典。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...foods in the cabbage family, such as Brussels sprouts.

抱子甘蓝之类的十字花科食物

柯林斯高阶英语词典

His family are completely behind him, whatever he decides...

他无论作出什么决定，家人都全力支持。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

There's room in there for a family of five...

那儿能住下五口之家。

柯林斯高阶英语词典