英汉词典

spirit 基本解释

• n. 精神；心灵；情绪；志气；烈酒
• vt. 鼓励；鼓舞；诱拐

spirit 词态变化

spirit 中文词源

来自古法语 espirit,精神，灵魂，精气，来自拉丁语 spiritus,呼吸，吐气，神灵的呼吸，来自 spirare,呼吸，来自 PIE*speis,吹，词源同 conspire,perspire,respire.引申诸相关比喻义。比较另 一个拉丁词 anima,呼吸，生命，衍生词 animal,animation.

spirit 英文词源

spirit

spirit: [13] Latin spīritus originally meant ‘breath’: it was derived from the verb spīrāre ‘breathe’ (source of English aspire [15], conspire [14], expire [15], inspire [14], perspire [17], respire [14], transpire [16], etc), which probably came ultimately from the prehistoric Indo-European base *speis- or *peis-, imitative of the sound of blowing or breathing out (source also of Old Church Slavonic piskati ‘whistle’, Serbo-Croat pistati ‘hiss’, and Old Norse físa ‘fart’).

But in the Augustan period it gradually began to take over as the word for ‘soul’ from anima (source of English animal, animate, etc), which itself originally denoted ‘breath’, and in Christian Latin writings it was the standard term used.
=> aspire, conspire, expire, inspire, perspire, respire, transpire

spirit (n.)

mid-13c., "animating or vital principle in man and animals," from Anglo-French spirit, Old French espirit "spirit, soul" (12c., Modern French esprit) and directly from Latin spiritus "a breathing (respiration, and of the wind), breath; breath of a god," hence "inspiration; breath of life," hence "life;" also "disposition, character; high spirit, vigor, courage; pride, arrogance," related to spirare "to breathe," from PIE *(s)peis- "to blow" (cognates: Old Church Slavonic pisto "to play on the flute").

Meaning "supernatural immaterial creature; angel, demon; an apparition, invisible corporeal being of an airy nature" is attested from mid-14c.; from late 14c. as "a ghost" (see ghost (n.)). From c. 1500 as "a nature, character"; sense of "essential principle of something" (in a non-theological context, as in Spirit of St. Louis) is attested from 1680s, common after 1800; Spirit of '76 in reference to the qualities that sparked and sustained the American Revolution is attested by 1797 in William Cobbett's "Porcupine's Gazette and Daily Advertiser."

From late 14c. in alchemy as "volatile substance; distillate;" from c. 1500 as "substance capable of uniting the fixed and the volatile elements of the philosopher's stone." Hence spirits "volatile substance;" sense narrowed to "strong alcoholic liquor" by 1670s. This also is the sense in spirit level (1768). Also from mid-14c. as "character, disposition; way of thinking and feeling, state of mind; source of a human desire;" in Middle English freedom of spirit meant "freedom of choice." From late 14c. as "divine substance, divine mind, God;" also "Christ" or His divine nature; "the Holy Ghost; divine power;" also, "extension of divine power to man; inspiration, a charismatic state; charismatic power, especially of prophecy." Also "essential nature, essential quality." From 1580s in metaphoric sense "animation, vitality."

According to Barnhart and OED, originally in English mainly from passages in Vulgate, where the Latin word translates Greek pneuma and Hebrew ruah. Distinction between "soul" and "spirit" (as "seat of emotions") became current in Christian terminology (such as Greek psykhe vs. pneuma, Latin anima vs. spiritus) but "is without significance for earlier periods" [Buck]. Latin spiritus, usually in classical Latin "breath," replaces animus in the sense "spirit" in the imperial period and appears in Christian writings as the usual equivalent of Greek pneuma. Spirit-rapping is from 1852.

spirit (v.)

1590s, "to make more active or energetic" (of blood, alcohol, etc.), from spirit (n.). The meaning "carry off or away secretly" (as though by supernatural agency) is first recorded 1660s. Related: Spirited; spiriting.

spirit 词组搭配

spirit 英文释义

1. the vital principle or animating force within living things

2. the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people;

"the feel of the city excited him"

"a clergyman improved the tone of the meeting"

"it had the smell of treason"

3. a fundamental emotional and activating principle determining one's character

4. any incorporeal supernatural being that can become visible (or audible) to human beings

5. the state of a person's emotions (especially with regard to pleasure or dejection);

"his emotional state depended on her opinion"

"he was in good spirits"

"his spirit rose"

6. the intended meaning of a communication

7. animation and energy in action or expression;

"it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it"

8. an inclination or tendency of a certain kind;

"he had a change of heart"

spirit 同义词解析

soul, ghost, spirit

这些名词均含"灵魂，心灵"之意。

soul： 指超越身体之外，永远存在的无形的东西，即所谓灵魂，亦可作人解。

ghost： 普通用词，主要指死者的灵魂。

spirit： 当指与body相对而言的所谓灵魂时，可与soul互换使用，但强调人的精神素质，也指神仙、精灵等。

spirit 双语例句

1. The requirement for work permits violates the spirit of the 1950 treaty.

对工作许可证的要求违反了1950年条约的精神。

来自柯林斯例句

2. This adaptation perfectly captures the spirit of Kurt Vonnegut's novel.

这次改编非常好地抓住了库尔特·冯内古特小说的精髓。

来自柯林斯例句

3. Alaskan Eskimos believe that every living creature possesses a spirit.

阿拉斯加的爱斯基摩人认为每一个活着的生物都有灵魂。

来自柯林斯例句

4. I like to think of myself as a free spirit.

我愿意把自己看成是个无拘无束的人。

来自柯林斯例句

5. Their problem can only be solved in a spirit of compromise.

他们的问题只能通过妥协来解决。

来自柯林斯例句

spirit 实用场景例句

the power of the human spirit to overcome difficulties

人类克服困难的精神力量

牛津词典

to be in high/low spirits

情绪高 / 低

牛津词典

You must try and keep your spirits up (= stay cheerful) .

你必须设法保持高昂的情绪。

牛津词典

My spirits sank at the prospect of starting all over again.

想到一切都得从头再来，我的情绪一下子低落了。

牛津词典

a brave spirit

勇敢的人

牛津词典

kindred spirits (= people who like the same things as you)

志趣相投的人

牛津词典

Show a little fighting spirit .

要表现出一点斗志。

牛津词典

Although the team lost, they played with tremendous spirit.

尽管输了，但队员表现得极为勇猛。

牛津词典

They took away his freedom and broke his spirit.

他们夺去了他的自由，摧垮了他的意志。

牛津词典

The human spirit is virtually indestructible...

人的精神实际上是不可摧毁的。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Marian retains a restless, youthful spirit, in search of new horizons.

玛丽安怀着一颗年轻、不断进取的心去寻求新的天地。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

His spirit has left him and all that remains is the shell of his body.

他已灵魂出窍，剩下的只是他的躯壳。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...protection against evil spirits.

避邪

柯林斯高阶英语词典

She was a very brave girl and everyone who knew her admired her spirit.

她是个非常勇敢的女孩，认识她的人都敬佩她的勇气。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

They played with spirit.

他们打得生龙活虎。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Their problem can only be solved in a spirit of compromise...

他们的问题只能通过妥协来解决。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

They approached the talks in a conciliatory spirit.

他们抱一种和解的态度去参加谈判。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

There is a great sense of team spirit among the British Olympic squad...

在英国的奥运代表团中有一种强烈的团队精神。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The president has appealed to the Brazilian people for patriotism and community spirit.

总统已经呼吁巴西人民要有爱国情怀和集体主义精神。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

...the real spirit of the Labour movement.

劳工运动的精髓

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The requirement for work permits violates the spirit of the 1950 treaty.

对工作许可证的要求违反了 1950 年条约的精神。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

I like to think of myself as a free spirit...

我愿意把自己看成是个无拘无束的人。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He was the founder and guiding spirit of New York's Shakespeare Festival.

他是纽约莎士比亚戏剧节的创始人及领导者。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

At supper, everyone was in high spirits...

晚餐时，每个人都兴致勃勃。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

A bit of exercise will help lift his spirits.

进行一点儿体育锻炼能帮助他改善情绪。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

He was spirited away and probably murdered...

他被秘密带走，可能被杀害了。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

His parents had spirited him away to the country...

他的父母偷偷地将他带到了该国。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

In spirit I was with you here.

我在精神上支持你。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

They seemed close in spirit to those first independent-minded Turkish women who took professions...

她们在本质上似乎和那些最早出去工作的具有独立思想的土耳其女性很相似。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

It is independent in spirit.

它本质上是独立的。

柯林斯高阶英语词典