英汉词典

spoil 基本解释

• vt. 溺爱；糟蹋；破坏；掠夺
• vi. 掠夺；变坏；腐败
• n. 次品；奖品

spoil 词态变化

spoil 中文词源

来自拉丁语 spoliare,抢劫，打劫，剥落，剥除衣服，来自 spolium,战利品，原义为剥皮，来 自 PIE*spel,分开，劈开，词源同 spill,split.引申词义破坏，糟蹋等，后用于指家长对小孩的 溺爱，娇惯，纵容，即糟蹋小孩。

spoil 英文词源

spoil

spoil: [13] Latin spolium originally denoted ‘skin stripped from a killed animal’ (it went back ultimately to the Indo-European base *spel- ‘split, burst’, which also produced German spalten ‘split’, and probably English spill and split). It broadened out metaphorically via ‘weapons stripped from a fallen enemy’ to ‘booty’ in general, which lies behind English spoils.

The word itself was borrowed from Old French espoille, a derivative of the verb espoillier, which in turn went back to Latin spoliāre ‘despoil’ (source of English spoliation [14]), a derivative of spolium. The verb spoil came either from Old French espoillier, or is short for despoil [13], which went back via Old French despoillier to Latin dēspoliāre.

It used to mean ‘strip of possessions’, as despoil still does, but in the 16th century it moved across to take over the semantic territory of the similarsounding spill (which once meant ‘destroy, ruin’).
=> despoil, spoliation

spoil (v.)

c. 1300, "to strip (someone) of clothes, strip a slain enemy," from Old French espillier "to strip, plunder, pillage," from Latin spoliare "to strip, uncover, lay bare; strip of clothing, rob, plunder, pillage," from spolia, plural of spolium "arms taken from an enemy, booty;" originally "skin stripped from a killed animal," from PIE *spol-yo-, perhaps from root *spel- "to split, to break off" (see spill (v.)).

From late 14c. in English as "strip with violence, rob, pillage, plunder, dispossess; impoverish with excessive taxation." Used c. 1400 as the verb to describe Christ's harrowing of Hell. Sense of "destroy, ruin, damage so as to render useless" is from 1560s; that of "to over-indulge" (a child, etc.) is from 1640s (implied in spoiled). Intransitive sense of "become tainted, go bad, lose freshness" is from 1690s. To be spoiling for (a fight, etc.) is from 1865, from notion that one will "spoil" if he doesn't get it.

spoil (n.)

"booty, goods captured in time of war," mid-14c., spoils (collective singular), from spoil (v.) or else from Old French espoille "booty, spoil," from the verb in French, and in part from Latin spolium. Also from the Latin noun are Spanish espolio, Italian spoglio.

Transferred sense of "that which has been acquired by special effort" is from 1750. Spoils has stood cynically for "public offices, etc." aince at least 1770. Spoils system in U.S. politics attested by 1839, commonly associated with the administration of President Andrew Jackson, on the notion of "to the victor belongs the spoils."

spoil 词组搭配

spoil 英文释义

1. (usually plural) valuables taken by violence (especially in war);

"to the victor belong the spoils of the enemy"

2. the act of spoiling something by causing damage to it;

"her spoiling my dress was deliberate"

3. the act of stripping and taking by force

spoil 同义词解析

break, destroy, ruin, wreck, damage, spoil

这些动词均有"破坏，损坏"之意。

break： 普通用词，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破坏。

destroy： 多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。

ruin： 多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。

wreck： 侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏，也可指计划、健康受到损害。

damage： 多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。

spoil： 强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。

spoil, indulge

这两个动词均含"纵容，娇养"之意。

spoil： 指纵容而造成对性情的扭曲。

indulge： 指迁就或放任别人应该节制的欲望要求或感情。

spoil 双语例句

1. We all know that fats spoil by becoming rancid.

我们都知道油脂变质后会发臭。

来自柯林斯例句

2. They could not afford to spoil those maps by careless colouring.

若是上色的时候不小心弄坏了那些地图，他们可承担不起。

来自柯林斯例句

3. Her untimely return could spoil Miss Melville's entire programme for the evening.

她提前回来可能会破坏掉梅尔维尔小姐今晚的整个计划。

来自柯林斯例句

4. It's important not to let mistakes spoil your life.

重要的是不要让错误毁了你的生活。

来自柯林斯例句

5. I had an uneasy feeling that he was going to spoil it.

我有种不安的感觉，觉得他会把事情搞糟。

来自柯林斯例句

spoil 实用场景例句

Our camping trip was spoilt by bad weather.

天气不好，破坏了我们的露营旅行。

牛津词典

Don't let him spoil your evening.

别让他搞得你一晚上不开心。

牛津词典

The tall buildings have spoiled the view.

那些高楼大厦破坏了这一带的景致。

牛津词典

Don't eat too many nuts─you'll spoil your appetite (= will no longer be hungry at the proper time to eat) .

别吃太多坚果，会影响你的食欲。

牛津词典

(British English)spoiled ballot papers (= not valid because not correctly marked)

废选票

牛津词典

She spoils those kids of hers.

她那几个孩子给她宠坏了。

牛津词典

Why not spoil yourself with a weekend in a top hotel?

为什么不到顶级饭店度个周末，让自己享受享受呢？

牛津词典

He really spoiled me on my birthday.

我过生日那天他真让我受宠若惊。

牛津词典

the spoils of high office

身居高位的连带利益

牛津词典

It's important not to let mistakes spoil your life...

重要的是不要让错误毁了你的生活。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Peaceful summer evenings can be spoilt by mosquitoes.

宁静的夏夜可能会被蚊子破坏掉。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Grandparents are often tempted to spoil their grandchildren whenever they come to visit.

祖父母每次来访都往往禁不住要娇惯孙辈。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Spoil yourself with a new perfume this summer...

今年夏天买瓶新香水慰劳一下自己吧。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Perhaps I could employ someone to iron his shirts, but I wanted to spoil him. He was my man.

也许我可以雇别人来熨他的衬衫，但我想好好宠他。他是我爱的男人。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

We all know that fats spoil by becoming rancid...

我们都知道油脂变质后会发臭。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Some organisms are responsible for spoiling food and cause food poisoning...

有些生物会导致食物变质并引起食物中毒。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

They had broadcast calls for voters to spoil their ballot papers...

他们通过广播呼吁选民们投无效选票。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

The results showed that 7.2% of the voters cast blank or spoiled ballots.

结果显示，7.2 %的选民投了空白或无效票。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

True to military tradition, the victors are now treating themselves to the spoils of war...

按照军事惯例，胜者正在分享战利品。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Competing warlords and foreign powers scrambled for political spoils.

相互争斗的军阀及外国列强们正在争夺政治上的收益。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

At lunchtime, MPs are spoilt for choice in 26 restaurants and bars.

到了午餐时间，议员们有 26 家之多的餐厅和酒吧可供选择。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

Jealousy is the most terrible thing and will spoil anybody's nature.

嫉妒是最可怕的东西,它会毁坏人的天性.

期刊摘选

Frosts spoil the last of the flowers.

霜冻冻坏了最后一批花朵.

《简明英汉词典》